Can You Have a Baby if You Have Down Syndrome

Downwards syndrome is a status in which a person has an extra chromosome.

What is Downwards Syndrome?

Downwards syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome. Chromosomes are small "packages" of genes in the body. They determine how a baby's body forms and functions as it grows during pregnancy and later birth. Typically, a babe is built-in with 46 chromosomes. Babies with Downward syndrome have an extra copy of i of these chromosomes, chromosome 21. A medical term for having an extra copy of a chromosome is 'trisomy.' Down's syndrome is also referred to every bit Trisomy 21. This extra copy changes how the baby'south body and brain develop, which tin cause both mental and concrete challenges for the baby.

Even though people with Down syndrome might human action and await similar, each person has unlike abilities. People with Down's syndrome usually accept an IQ (a measure out of intelligence) in the mildly-to-moderately low range and are slower to speak than other children.

Some mutual physical features of Down's syndrome include:

• A flattened face, particularly the bridge of the nose
• Almond-shaped eyes that slant up
• A short cervix
• Small ears
• A tongue that tends to stick out of the mouth
• Tiny white spots on the iris (colored part) of the eye
• Small easily and feet
• A single line across the palm of the hand (palmar crease)
• Small pinky fingers that sometimes curve toward the thumb
• Poor musculus tone or loose joints
• Shorter in height equally children and adults

How Many Babies are Born with Down syndrome?

Downward syndrome remains the most common chromosomal condition diagnosed in the United States. Each year, about half-dozen,000 babies built-in in the Usa have Down's syndrome. This means that Down syndrome occurs in almost 1 in every 700 babies.¹

Types of Down syndrome

There are iii types of Down's syndrome. People often tin't tell the difference between each type without looking at the chromosomes because the concrete features and behaviors are similar.

• Trisomy 21: Well-nigh 95% of people with Down's syndrome have Trisomy 21.ⁱⁱ With this type of Down syndrome, each cell in the body has 3 separate copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual 2 copies.
• Translocation Down's syndrome: This type accounts for a pocket-size per centum of people with Down's syndrome (nigh three%).² This occurs when an extra part or a whole actress chromosome 21 is nowadays, but it is fastened or "trans-located" to a unlike chromosome rather than beingness a separate chromosome 21.
• Mosaic Down syndrome: This type affects about ii% of the people with Down syndrome.ⁱⁱ Mosaic means mixture or combination. For children with mosaic Down syndrome, some of their cells have 3 copies of chromosome 21, but other cells have the typical ii copies of chromosome 21. Children with mosaic Down syndrome may have the same features as other children with Down syndrome. However, they may have fewer features of the status due to the presence of some (or many) cells with a typical number of chromosomes.

Causes and Gamble Factors

• The extra chromosome 21 leads to the concrete features and developmental challenges that tin can occur among people with Downwardly syndrome. Researchers know that Downward syndrome is acquired by an extra chromosome, just no i knows for certain why Down syndrome occurs or how many different factors play a office.
• One gene that increases the take a chance for having a baby with Down syndrome is the mother's age. Women who are 35 years or older when they become pregnant are more probable to have a pregnancy affected past Down's syndrome than women who become meaning at a younger age.^3-5However, the bulk of babies with Down syndrome are born to mothers less than 35 years erstwhile, considering there are many more births among younger women.^6,7

Diagnosis

There are two basic types of tests available to detect Downwards syndrome during pregnancy: screening tests and diagnostic tests. A screening test can tell a woman and her healthcare provider whether her pregnancy has a lower or higher chance of having Down syndrome. Screening tests do not provide an absolute diagnosis, but they are safer for the female parent and the developing infant. Diagnostic tests can typically detect whether or not a baby will have Down syndrome, simply they can be more than risky for the mother and developing baby. Neither screening nor diagnostic tests can predict the full impact of Downwards syndrome on a baby; no one can predict this.

Screening Tests

Screening tests ofttimes include a combination of a blood exam, which measures the amount of various substances in the mother's blood (due east.g., MS-AFP, Triple Screen, Quad-screen), and an ultrasound, which creates a picture show of the baby. During an ultrasound, one of the things the technician looks at is the fluid behind the baby's neck. Extra fluid in this region could indicate a genetic trouble. These screening tests can help determine the babe's risk of Down syndrome. Rarely, screening tests can give an aberrant result even when there is nothing wrong with the infant. Sometimes, the exam results are normal and still they miss a problem that does be.

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic tests are usually performed after a positive screening examination in order to confirm a Down syndrome diagnosis. Types of diagnostic tests include:

• Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)—examines textile from the placenta
• Amniocentesis—examines the amniotic fluid (the fluid from the sac surrounding the baby)
• Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)—examines blood from the umbilical string

These tests look for changes in the chromosomes that would signal a Down syndrome diagnosis.

Other Wellness Problems

Many people with Downwards syndrome have the common facial features and no other major nascence defects. Nevertheless, some people with Down syndrome might have ane or more major birth defects or other medical problems. Some of the more than common health problems among children with Downwardly syndrome are listed below.^viii

• Hearing loss
• Obstructive sleep apnea, which is a status where the person's breathing temporarily stops while asleep
• Ear infections
• Eye diseases
• Center defects nowadays at nascency

Health care providers routinely monitor children with Down syndrome for these weather.

Treatments

Down syndrome is a lifelong condition. Services early on in life will often assist babies and children with Down's syndrome to ameliorate their physical and intellectual abilities. Most of these services focus on helping children with Down syndrome develop to their full potential. These services include speech, occupational, and physical therapy, and they are typically offered through early on intervention programs in each state. Children with Down syndrome may also need extra aid or attending in school, although many children are included in regular classes.

Other Resources

The views of these organizations are their ain and practise not reverberate the official position of CDC.

• Down's syndrome Research Foundation (DSRF)external icon
  DSRF initiates research studies to better understand the learning styles of those with Down syndrome.
• Global Down's syndrome Foundationexternal icon
  This foundation is dedicated to significantly improving the lives of people with Down syndrome through research, medical care, education and advocacy.
• National Clan for Down Syndromeexternal icon
  The National Association for Down syndrome supports all persons with Down syndrome in achieving their full potential. They seek to help families, educate the public, address social issues and challenges, and facilitate active participation.
• National Downwardly Syndrome Society (NDSS)external icon
  NDSS seeks to increase awareness and acceptance of those with Down's syndrome.

References

1. Mai CT, Isenburg JL, Canfield MA, Meyer RE, Correa A, Alverson CJ, Lupo PJ, Riehle‐Colarusso T, Cho SJ, Aggarwal D, Kirby RS. National population‐based estimates for major birth defects, 2010–2014. Birth Defects Research. 2019; 111(18): 1420-1435.
2. Shin 1000, Siffel C, Correa A. Survival of children with mosaic Downwards syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2010;152A:800-i.
3. Allen EG, Freeman SB, Druschel C, et al. Maternal historic period and risk for trisomy 21 assessed by the origin of chromosome nondisjunction: a study from the Atlanta and National Down Syndrome Projects. Hum Genet. 2009 Feb;125(i):41-52.
4. Ghosh S, Feingold East, Dey SK. Etiology of Downwards syndrome: Evidence for consequent association amongst altered meiotic recombination, nondisjunction, and maternal age across populations. Am J Med Genet A. 2009 Jul;149A(7):1415-xx.
5. Sherman SL, Allen EG, Bean LH, Freeman SB. Epidemiology of Down syndrome. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2007;13(3):221-7.
6. Adams MM, Erickson JD, Layde PM, Oakley GP. Down syndrome. Contempo trends in the United states. JAMA. 1981 Aug 14;246(7):758-60.
7. Olsen CL, Cross PK, Gensburg LJ, Hughes JP. The furnishings of prenatal diagnosis, population ageing, and changing fertility rates on the live nativity prevalence of Down's syndrome in New York State, 1983-1992. Prenat Diagn. 1996 Nov;16(11):991-1002.
8. Bull MJ, the Committee on Genetics. Health supervision for children with Down syndrome. Pediatrics. 2011;128:393-406.

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Source: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/downsyndrome.html

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