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What Is Poseidon the God of Baby Horses

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Ancient Greek god of the sea, earthquakes and horses

Poseidon

God of the sea, storms, earthquakes, horses
Member of the Twelve Olympians
0036MAN Poseidon.jpg

Poseidon from Milos, 2d century BC (National Archaeological Museum of Athens)
Habitation Mount Olympus, or the Sea
Symbol Trident, fish, dolphin, equus caballus, balderdash
Personal information
Parents Cronus and Rhea
Siblings Hades, Demeter, Hestia, Hera, Zeus, Chiron
Consort Amphitrite, Aphrodite, Demeter, diverse others
Children Theseus
Triton
Polyphemus
Orion
Belus
Agenor
Neleus
Atlas (the start king of Atlantis)
Pegasus
Chrysaor
Cymopolea
Roman equivalent Neptune

Poseidon (;[1] Greek: Ποσειδῶν ) was one of the Twelve Olympians in aboriginal Greek religion and myth, god of the sea, storms, earthquakes and horses.[ii] In pre-Olympian Statuary Historic period Greece, he was venerated as a primary deity at Pylos and Thebes.[2] He also had the cult title "world shaker". In the myths of isolated Arcadia he is related with Demeter and Persephone and he was venerated equally a horse, however it seems that he was originally a god of the waters.[iii] He is ofttimes regarded equally the tamer or father of horses,[2] and with a strike of his trident, he created springs which are related with the word horse.[4] His Roman equivalent is Neptune.

Poseidon was protector of seafarers, and of many Hellenic cities and colonies. Homer and Hesiod advise that Poseidon became lord of the sea following the defeat of his begetter Cronus, when the globe was divided by lot among his three sons; Zeus was given the sky, Hades the underworld, and Poseidon the sea, with the Earth and Mount Olympus belonging to all three.[2] [5] In Homer'due south Iliad, Poseidon supports the Greeks against the Trojans during the Trojan War and in the Odyssey, during the sea-voyage from Troy back habitation to Ithaca, the Greek hero Odysseus provokes Poseidon's fury by blinding his son, the Cyclops Polyphemus, resulting in Poseidon punishing him with storms, the complete loss of his transport and companions, and a ten-year delay. Poseidon is as well the subject of a Homeric hymn. In Plato's Timaeus and Critias, the legendary island of Atlantis was Poseidon'southward domain.[6] [7] [8]

Athena became the patron goddess of the urban center of Athens afterward a contest with Poseidon, and he remained on the Acropolis in the form of his surrogate, Erechtheus. After the fight, Poseidon sent a monstrous inundation to the Attic Patently, to punish the Athenians for not choosing him.[9]

Etymology

The primeval attested occurrence of the proper name, written in Linear B, is 𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃 [ citation needed ] Po-se-da-o or 𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀺𐀚 [ citation needed ] Po-se-da-wo-ne, which represent to Ποσειδάων (Poseidaōn) and Ποσειδάϝονος (Poseidawonos) in Mycenean Greek; in Homeric Greek it appears as Ποσειδάων (Poseidaōn); in Aeolic every bit Ποτειδάων (Poteidaōn); and in Doric as Ποτειδάν (Poteidan), Ποτειδάων (Poteidaōn), and Ποτειδᾶς (Poteidas).[ten] The grade Ποτειδάϝων (Poteidawon) appears in Corinth.[11] A cult title of Poseidon in Linear B is E-ne-si-da-o-ne, "earth-shaker".

The origins of the proper name "Poseidon" are unclear. One theory breaks information technology down into an element pregnant "husband" or "lord" (Greek πόσις (posis), from PIE *pótis) and some other chemical element significant "earth" ( δᾶ (da), Doric for γῆ (gē)), producing something similar lord or spouse of Da, i.due east. of the earth; this would link him with Demeter, "Earth-female parent".[12] Walter Burkert finds that "the second chemical element δᾶ- remains hopelessly ambiguous" and finds a "husband of Earth" reading "quite incommunicable to prove."[2] Co-ordinate to Robert Southward. P. Beekes in Etymological Dictionary of Greek, "there is no indication that δᾶ means 'earth'",[thirteen] although the root da appears in the Linear B inscription Eastward-ne-si-da-o-ne, "earth-shaker".[14] [15]

Another, more than plausible, theory interprets the 2nd chemical element equally related to the (presumed) Doric word *δᾶϝον dâwon, "water", Proto-Indo-European *dah₂- "water" or *dʰenh₂- "to run, menses", Sanskrit दन् dā́-nu- "fluid, drop, dew" and names of rivers such as Danube (< *Danuvius) or Don. This would make *Posei-dawōn into the master of waters.[16] It seems that Poseidon was originally a god of the waters.[17] There is likewise the possibility that the give-and-take has Pre-Greek origin.[xviii] Plato in his dialogue Cratylus gives ii traditional etymologies: either the sea restrained Poseidon when walking as a "foot-bail" (ποσίδεσμον), or he "knew many things" (πολλά εἰδότος or πολλά εἰδῶν).[19]

At to the lowest degree a few sources deem Poseidon equally a "prehellenic" (i.e. Pelasgian) word, because an Indo-European etymology "quite pointless".[20]

Statuary Age Greece

Linear B (Mycenean Greek) inscriptions

If surviving Linear B clay tablets tin can be trusted, the name po-se-da-wo-ne ("Poseidon") occurs with greater frequency than does di-u-ja ("Zeus"). A feminine variant, po-se-de-ia, is also found, indicating a lost espoused goddess, in outcome the precursor of Amphitrite. Poseidon carries frequently the championship wa-na-ka (wanax), pregnant "king" in Linear B inscriptions. The chthonic nature of Poseidon-Wanax is also indicated by his championship E-ne-si-da-o-ne in Mycenean Knossos and Pylos,[21] a powerful attribute (earthquakes had accompanied the collapse of the Minoan palace-civilisation). In the cave of Amnisos (Crete) Enesidaon is related with the cult of Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth.[22] She was related with the annual birth of the divine child.[23] During the Bronze Historic period, a goddess of nature, dominated both in Minoan and Mycenean cult, and Wanax (wa-na-ka) was her male companion (paredros) in Mycenean cult.[24] It is possible that Demeter appears every bit Da-ma-te in a Linear B inscription (PN EN 609), nevertheless the interpretation is notwithstanding nether dispute.[25]

In Linear B inscriptions plant at Pylos, East-ne-si-da-o-ne is related with Poseidon, and Si-to Po-tini-ja is probably related with Demeter.[26] Tablets from Pylos record sacrificial goods destined for "the Two Queens and Poseidon" ("to the Two Queens and the King": wa-na-soi, wa-na-ka-te). The "2 Queens" may be related with Demeter and Persephone, or their precursors, goddesses who were not associated with Poseidon in after periods.[27]

Arcadian myths

The illuminating exception is the archaic and localised myth of the stallion Poseidon and mare Demeter at Phigalia in isolated and conservative Arcadia, noted by Pausanias (2nd century AD) as having fallen into desuetude; the stallion Poseidon pursues the mare-Demeter, and from the union she bears the horse Arion, and a girl (Despoina), who obviously had the shape of a mare also. The violated Demeter was Demeter Erinys (furious).[28] In Arcadia, Demeter's mare-form was worshiped into historical times. Her xoanon of Phigaleia shows how the local cult interpreted her, as goddess of nature. A Medusa type with a horse'due south head with snaky hair, belongings a dove and a dolphin, probably representing her power over air and water.[29]

Origins

Information technology seems that the Idealized myth is related with the offset Greek speaking people who entered the region during the Bronze Age. (Linear B represents an archaic Greek dialect). Their religious behavior were mixed with the beliefs of the indigenous population. It is possible that the Greeks did non bring with them other gods except Zeus, Eos, and the Dioskouroi. The horse (numina) was related with the liquid element, and with the underworld. Poseidon appears as a creature (horse), which is the river spirit of the underworld, equally it usually happens in northern-European folklore, and non unusually in Hellenic republic.[30] [31] Poseidon "Wanax", is the male person companion (paredros) of the goddess of nature. In the relative Minoan myth, Pasiphaë is mating with the white bull, and she bears the hybrid animate being Minotaur.[32] The Balderdash was the old pre-Olympian Poseidon.[33] The goddess of nature and her paredros survived in the Eleusinian cult, where the following words were uttered: "Mighty Potnia bore a potent son".[34]

In the heavily sea-dependent Mycenaean civilisation, in that location is not sufficient bear witness that Poseidon was connected with the sea. We do not know if "Posedeia" was a body of water-goddess. Homer and Hesiod suggest that Poseidon became lord of the sea following the defeat of his male parent Cronus, when the world was divided by lot among his iii sons; Zeus was given the sky, Hades the underworld, and Poseidon the ocean, with the Globe and Mount Olympus belonging to all 3.[2] [five] Walter Burkert suggests that the Hellene cult worship of Poseidon as a horse god may be connected to the introduction of the horse and state of war-chariot from Anatolia to Greece around 1600 BC.[2]

There is prove that Poseidon was one time worshipped as a horse, and this is evident by his cult in Peloponnesos. However, some ancient writers held he was originally a god of the waters, and therefore he became the "earth-shaker", because the Greeks believed that the cause of the earthquakes was the erosion of the rocks by the waters, past the rivers who they saw to disappear into the globe and then to burst out once again. This is what the natural philosophers Thales, Anaximenes and Aristotle believed, which may accept been like to the folklore belief.[3]

In whatever instance, the early importance of Poseidon can however exist glimpsed in Homer's Odyssey, where Poseidon rather than Zeus is the major mover of events. In Homer, Poseidon is the master of the body of water.[35]

Worship of Poseidon

Poseidon was a major civic god of several cities: in Athens, he was second only to Athena in importance, while in Corinth and many cities of Magna Graecia he was the chief god of the polis.[2]

In his benign aspect, Poseidon was seen as creating new islands and offering at-home seas. When offended or ignored, he supposedly struck the ground with his trident and caused chaotic springs, earthquakes, drownings and shipwrecks. Sailors prayed to Poseidon for a safe voyage, sometimes drowning horses every bit a sacrifice; in this way, according to a fragmentary papyrus, Alexander the Great paused at the Syrian seashore before the climactic battle of Issus, and resorted to prayers, "invoking Poseidon the bounding main-god, for whom he ordered a four-horse chariot to be cast into the waves."[36]

According to Pausanias, Poseidon was one of the caretakers of the oracle at Delphi before Olympian Apollo took information technology over. Apollo and Poseidon worked closely in many realms: in colonization, for example, Delphic Apollo provided the authorization to get out and settle, while Poseidon watched over the colonists on their mode, and provided the lustral water for the foundation-cede. Xenophon'due south Anabasis describes a group of Spartan soldiers in 400–399 BC singing to Poseidon a paean—a kind of hymn commonly sung for Apollo. Like Dionysus, who inflamed the maenads, Poseidon also caused certain forms of mental disturbance. A Hippocratic text of ca 400 BC, On the Sacred Disease [37] says that he was blamed for certain types of epilepsy.

Poseidon is still worshipped today in modern Hellenic religion, amongst other Greek gods. The worship of Greek gods has been recognized by the Greek regime since 2017.[38] [39]

Epithets and attributes

Poseidon had a multifariousness of roles, duties and attributes. He is a separate deity from the oldest Greek god of the sea Pontus. In Athens his name is superimposed οn the name of the non-Greek god Erechtheus Ἑρεχθεύς (Poseidon Erechtheus).[40] [41] In Iliad he is the lord of the bounding main and his palace is built in Aegai, in the depth of the sea.[42] His significance is indicated past his titles Eurykreion ( Εὐρυκρείων ) "broad-ruling", an epithet also practical to Agamemnon[43] [44] and Helikonios anax ( Ἑλικώνιος ἂναξ ), "lord of Helicon or Helike" [45] In Helike of Achaia he was specially honoured.[46] Anax is identified in Mycenaean Greek (Linear B) as wa-na-ka,a title of Poseidon every bit king of the underworld.[27] Aeschylus uses also the epithet anax [47] and Pindar the epithet Eurymedon ( Εὐρυμέδων ) "widely ruling".[48]

Some of the epithets (or adjectives) applied to him similar Enosigaios ( Ἐνοσίγαιος ), Enosichthon ( Ἐνοσίχθων ) (Homer) and Ennosidas ( Ἐννοσίδας ) (Pindar) , mean "globe shaker".[49] These epithets indicate his chthonic nature, and have an older show of apply, as it is identified in Linear B, equally 𐀁𐀚𐀯𐀅𐀃𐀚 , Eastward-ne-si-da-o-ne.[21] Other epithets that relate him with the earthquakes are Gaieochos ( Γαιήοχος ) [l] and Seisichthon ( Σεισίχθων ) [51] The god who causes the earthquakes is also the protector against them, and he had the epithets Themeliouchos ( Θεμελιούχος ) "upholding the foundations" ,[52] Asphaleios ( Ἀσφάλειος ) "securer, protector" [53] with a temble at Tainaron.[54] Pausanias describes a sanctuary of Poseidon near Sparta beside the shrine of Alcon, where he had the surname Domatites ( Δωματίτης ), "of the house"[55] [56]

Homer uses for Poseidon the title Kyanochaites ( Κυανοχαίτης ) , "dark-haired, night bluish of the body of water".[57] [58] Epithets like Pelagios ( Πελάγιος ) "of the open sea",[59] [sixty] Aegeus ( Αἰγαίος ) ,"of the loftier sea" [61] in the boondocks of Aegae in Euboea, where he had a magnificent temple upon a hill,[62] [63] [64] Pontomedon ( Ποντομέδων ),[65]" lord of the bounding main" (Pindar , Aeschylus) and Kymothales ( Κυμοθαλής ), "abounding with waves",[66] indicate that Poseidon was regarded equally holding sway over the sea.[67] Other epithets that relate him with the ocean are , Porthmios ( Πόρθμιος ), "of strait, narrow sea" at Karpathos,[68] Epactaeus ( Ἐπακταῖος ) "god worshipped on the coast", in Samos.,[69] Alidoupos, ( Ἀλίδουπος ) "body of water resounding".[70] His symbol is the trident and he has the epithet Eutriaina ( Εὐτρίαινα ), "with goodly trident" (Pindar).[71] The god of the ocean is also the god of line-fishing , and tuna was his attribute. At Lampsacus they offered fishes to Poseidon and he had the epithet phytalmios ( φυτάλμιος ) [72] His epithet Phykios ( Φύκιος ), "god of seaweeds" at Mykonos,[73] seems to exist related with line-fishing. He had a fest where women were not allowed, with special offers also to Poseidon Temenites ( Τεμενίτης ) "related to an official domain ".[74] At the same twenty-four hours they made offers to Demeter Chloe therefore Poseidon was the promotor of vegetation. He had the epithet phytalmios ( φυτάλμιος ) at Myconos, Troizen, Megara and Rhodes, comparable with Ptorthios ( Πτόρθιος ) at Chalcis.[72] [75] [76]

Poseidon had a close association with horses. He is known nether the epithet Hippios ( Ἳππειος ) ,"of a horse or horses" [77] usually in Arcadia. He had temples at Lycosura, Mantineia, Methydrium, Pheneos, Pallandion.[78] At Lycosura he is related with the cult of Despoina.[79] The modern sanctuary near Mantineia was built past Emperor Hadrian.[80] In Athens on the hill of horses in that location was the altar of Poseidon Hippios and Athena Hippia. The temple of Poseidon was destroyed by Antigonus when he attacked Attica.[81] He is usually the tamer of horses (Damaios , Δαμαίος at Corinth),[82] and the tender of horses Hippokourios Ἱπποκούριος ) at Sparta, where he had a sanctuary well-nigh the sanctuary of Artemis Aiginea.[83] [84] In some myths he is the father of horses, either by spilling his seed upon a stone or by mating with a fauna who and then gave birth to the first horse.[2] In Thessaly he had the title Petraios Πετραἵος , "of the rocks".[85] He hit a rock and the first horse "Skyphios" appeared.[86] He was closely related with the springs, and with the strike of his trident, he created springs. He had the epithets Krenouchos ( Κρηνούχος ), "ruling over springs",[87] and nymphagetes ( Νυμφαγέτης ) "leader of the nymphs" [88] On the Acropolis of Athens he created the saltspring Ocean of Erechtheus ( Ἐρεχθηίς θάλασσα ).[89] Many springs like Hippocrene and Aganippe in Helikon are related with the word horse (hippos). (besides Glukippe, Hyperippe). He is the male parent of Pegasus, whose proper name is deriven from πηγή , (pēgē) "leap".[90]

Epithets like Genesios Γενέσιος at Lerna[91] [92] Genethlios ( Γενέθλιος ) "of the race or family" [93] Phratrios ( Φράτριος ) "of the brotherhood",[94] and Patrigenios ( Πατριγένειος ) [95] signal his relation with the genealogy copse and the alliance. Other epithets of Poseidon in local cults are Epoptes ( Ἐπόπτης ) , "overseer, watcher" at Megalopolis,[96] Empylios ( Ἑμπύλιος ), "at the gate " at Thebes.,[97] Kronios ( Κρόνιος )[98] (Pindar) and semnos ( σεμνός ), "august, holy" [99] (Sophocles).

The cult of Poseidon is oftenly related with festivals. At Corinth the Isthmian games was an athletic and music festival to honour the god who had the epithet Isthmios ( Ἴσθμιος ). The Amphictiony of Kalaureia belonged to him. At Tainaron he had a famous temple and festival. Other games which belonged to him are the Pohoidaia ( Ποhοίδαια ) in Helos and Thuria and the race in Gaiaochō ( ἐν Γαιαόχω ) [100] [101] Poseidon Gaieochos ( Γαιήοχος ) had a temple almost Sparta beside an Hippodrome.[102] Τhe epithet probably means " the one who moves under the earth" '[103] and therefore shakes the earth. This seem to relate Poseidon with the rivers at Peloponnesus that seem to disappear and then flow under the globe.[101] At Ephesus at that place was a fest "Tavria" and he had the epithet Tavreios ( Tαύρειος ), "related with the balderdash".[104] [105]

Mythology

Birth

Poseidon was the 2d son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea. In most accounts he is swallowed by Cronus at birth and is later on saved, along with his other siblings, by Zeus.

However, in some versions of the story, he, similar his blood brother Zeus, did not share the fate of his other blood brother and sisters who were eaten by Cronus. He was saved by his mother Rhea, who concealed him among a flock of lambs and pretended to have given nascency to a colt, which she gave to Cronus to devour.[106]

According to John Tzetzes[107] the kourotrophos, or nurse of Poseidon was Arne, who denied knowing where he was, when Cronus came searching; according to Diodorus Siculus[108] Poseidon was raised by the Telchines on Rhodes, just equally Zeus was raised by the Korybantes on Crete.

According to a unmarried reference in the Iliad, when the world was divided by lot in three, Zeus received the sky, Hades the underworld and Poseidon the sea.[109]

In Homer's Odyssey, Poseidon has a home in Aegae.[110]

Foundation of Athens

Athena became the patron goddess of the metropolis of Athens after a contest with Poseidon. Yet Poseidon remained a numinous presence on the Acropolis in the class of his surrogate, Erechtheus.[2] At the dissolution festival at the end of the yr in the Athenian calendar, the Skira, the priests of Athena and the priest of Poseidon would process nether canopies to Eleusis.[111] They agreed that each would give the Athenians one souvenir and the Athenians would choose whichever souvenir they preferred. Poseidon struck the basis with his trident and a spring sprang upwardly; the water was salty and non very useful, whereas Athena offered them an olive tree.

The Athenians or their king, Cecrops, accepted the olive tree and along with it Athena every bit their patron, for the olive tree brought wood, oil and nutrient. After the fight, infuriated at his loss, Poseidon sent a monstrous inundation to the Attic Manifestly, to punish the Athenians for not choosing him. The depression made by Poseidon'due south trident and filled with common salt h2o was surrounded past the northern hall of the Erechtheum, remaining open to the air. "In cult, Poseidon was identified with Erechtheus," Walter Burkert noted; "the myth turns this into a temporal-causal sequence: in his anger at losing, Poseidon led his son Eumolpus against Athens and killed Erectheus."[9]

The contest of Athena and Poseidon was the subject of the reliefs on the western pediment of the Parthenon, the kickoff sight that greeted the arriving company.

This myth is construed past Robert Graves and others equally reflecting a clash between the inhabitants during Mycenaean times and newer immigrants. Athens at its height was a significant sea power, at i point defeating the Western farsi fleet at Salamis Isle in a sea boxing.

Walls of Troy

Poseidon and Apollo, having offended Zeus past their rebellion in Hera'south scheme, were temporarily stripped of their divine authorization and sent to serve King Laomedon of Troy. He had them build huge walls around the city and promised to advantage them with his immortal horses, a promise he then refused to fulfill. In vengeance, before the Trojan State of war, Poseidon sent a sea monster to attack Troy. The monster was later killed by Heracles.[112]

Espoused, lovers, victims and children

Poseidon was said to have had many lovers of both sexes (see expandable list below). His espoused was Amphitrite, a nymph and aboriginal ocean-goddess, daughter of Nereus and Doris. Together they had a son named Triton, a merman.[113]

Poseidon was the father of many heroes. He is thought to have fathered the famed Theseus.

A mortal woman named Tyro was married to Cretheus (with whom she had one son, Aeson), only loved Enipeus, a river god. She pursued Enipeus, who refused her advances. I day, Poseidon, filled with lust for Tyro, disguised himself as Enipeus, and from their union were born the heroes Pelias and Neleus, twin boys.[114] Poseidon also had an affair with Alope, his granddaughter through Cercyon, his son and King of Eleusis, begetting the Cranium hero Hippothoon. Cercyon had his daughter buried alive simply Poseidon turned her into the leap, Alope, near Eleusis.[115]

Poseidon rescued Amymone from a carnal satyr and then fathered a kid, Nauplius, past her.[116]

After having raped Caeneus, Poseidon fulfilled her request and changed her into a male person warrior.[117]

A mortal woman named Cleito once lived on an isolated isle; Poseidon brutal in love with the homo mortal and created a domicile sanctuary at the tiptop of a loma near the middle of the island and surrounded the dwelling house with rings of water and country to protect her. She gave nativity to 5 sets of twin boys; the firstborn, Atlas, became the first ruler of Atlantis.[half dozen] [seven] [eight]

Non all of Poseidon'southward children were human. In an primitive myth, Poseidon once pursued Demeter. She spurned his advances, turning herself into a mare so that she could hide in a herd of horses; he saw through the charade and became a stallion and captured her.[118] Their child was a equus caballus, Arion, which was capable of human oral communication.[119] Poseidon too raped Medusa on the floor of a temple to Athena.[120] [121] Medusa was so changed into a monster by Athena.[122] [121] When she was later beheaded by the hero Perseus, Chrysaor and Pegasus emerged from her neck.

His other children include Polyphemus (the Cyclops) and, finally, Alebion and Bergion and Otos and Ephialtae (the giants).[120]

The philosopher Plato was held by his boyfriend ancient Greeks to have traced his descent to the sea-God Poseidon through his father Ariston and his mythic predecessors the demigod kings Codrus and Melanthus.[123] [124]

Male lovers included Nerites, Pelops and Patroclus.[125]

Offspring and mothers, Table 1
Offspring Mother
Triton,[126] Benthesicyme,[127] Rhodos[128] Amphitrite
Antaeus,[129] Charybdis,[130] Laistryon[131] Gaea
Despoina,[132] Arion[133] Demeter
Rhodos,[134] Herophile[135] Aphrodite
Pegasus, Chrysaor Medusa[136]
Ergiscus[137] Aba
Aethusa,[138] Hyrieus,[139] Hyperenor,[139] Hyperes.[140] Anthas[141] Alcyone
Abas[142] Arethusa
Halirrhothius Bathycleia[143] or Euryte[144]
Chrysomallus Bisalpis or Bisaltis or Theophane[145]
Minyas[146] Callirhoe
Lycus, |Nycteus, |Eurypylus (Eurytus), Lycaon Celaeno[147]
Asopus (possibly) Kelousa[148] or Pero[149]
Parnassus[150] Cleodora
Eumolpus[151] Chione
Phaeax[152] Corcyra
Rhode (perchance), six sons Halia[153]
Eirene[154] Melantheia
Amycus, Mygdon Melia[155]
Aspledon[156] Mideia
Astacus[157] Olbia
Cenchrias, Leches Peirene[158]
Euadne Pitane[159] or Lena
Phocus[160] Pronoe
Athos[161] Rhodope
Cychreus[162] Salamis
Taras[163] Satyria of Taras
Polyphemus[164] Thoosa
Chios[165] a nymph of Chios
Melas, Agelus, Malina some other nymph of Chios[165]
Dictys, Actor Agamede[166]
Theseus[167] Aethra
Ogyges[168] Alistra
Hippothoon[169] Alope
Erythras[170] Amphimedusa
Nauplius[171] Amymone
Busiris Anippe[172] or Lysianassa[173]
Idas[174] Arene
Aeolus Antiope[166] or Arne[175] or Melanippe[176]
Boeotus Melanippe[177]
Oeoclus[178] Ascre
Ancaeus,[179] Eurypylus[180] Astypalaea
Peratus[181] Calchinia
Cycnus Calyce[166] or Harpale[182] or Scamandrodice[183] or a Nereid[184]
Offspring and mothers, Table 2
Offspring Mother
Hopleus, Nireus, Aloeus, Epopeus, Triopas Canace[185]
Celaenus[186] Celaeno
Dictys, Polydectes Cerebia[187]
Byzas[188] Ceroessa
Chryses,[189] Minyas[190] Chrysogeneia
Phaunos[191] Circe
Atlas, Eumelus (Gadeirus), Ampheres, Euaemon, Mneseus, Autochthon, Elasippus, Mestor, Azaes, Diaprepes Cleito[192]
Celaeno[186] Ergea
Euphemus Doris (Oris)[193] or Europa[194] or Mecionice[193] or Macionassa[195]
Orion[196] Euryale
Minyas Euryanassa[197] or Hermippe[198] or Tritogeneia[199]
Eleius Eurycyda[200] or Eurypyle[201]
Bellerophon Eurynome[202] or Eurymede[203]
Almops,[204] Edonus (Paion)[205] Helle
Taphius[206] Hippothoe
The Aloadae (Ephialtes and Otus),[207] Sciron[208] [209] Iphimedeia
Achaeus, Pelasgus, Pythius Larissa[210]
Althepus Leis[211]
Agenor,[212] Belus,[213] Lelex[214] Libya
Delphus Melantho[215]
Dyrrhachius Melissa[216]
Metus Melite[142]
The Molionides (Cteatus, Eurytus) Molione[217]
Myton Mytilene[218]
Megareus Oenope[166]
Sithon Ossa[219]
Nausithous Periboea[220]
Torone, Proteus Phoenice[221]
Ialysus, Cameirus, Lindus Rhode[222]
Chthonius Syme[223]
Leucon or Leuconoe Themisto[166]
Pelias, Neleus Tyro[224]
Cercyon[225] Daughter of Amphictyon
Ialebion,[226] Bergion,[226] Dicaeus,[227] Syleus,[228] Poltys,[155] Sarpedon of Ainos,[229] Amphimarus,[230] Amyrus,[231] Aon, eponym of Aonia,[232] Astraeus,[233] Alcippe[233] Augeas,[234] Byzenus,[184] Calaurus[235] Caucon or Glaucon,[236] Corynetes,[237] Cromus, [238] Cymopoleia,[239] Erginus of Caria,[240] Eryx,[241] Euseirus,[242] Geren,[243] Lamia[244] Lamus,[245] Messapus,[246] Onchestus,[247] Palaestinus,[248] Paralus,[ commendation needed ] Phineus,[249] Phorbas of Acarnania,[250] Procrustes,[237] Taenarus,[251] Thasus,[252] |Thessalus,[253] Lotis,[ citation needed ] Ourea (a nymph)[254] unknown

Genealogy

Poseidon's family tree[255]
Uranus Gaia
Uranus' genitals Cronus Rhea
Zeus Hera POSEIDON Hades Demeter Hestia
    a[256]
     b[257]
Ares Hephaestus
Metis
Athena[258]
Leto
Apollo Artemis
Maia
Hermes
Semele
Dionysus
Dione
    a[259]      b[260]
Aphrodite

In literature and art

In Greek art, Poseidon rides a chariot that was pulled past a hippocampus or past horses that could ride on the bounding main. He was associated with dolphins and three-pronged fish spears (tridents). He lived in a palace on the bounding main floor, made of coral and gems.

In the Iliad Poseidon favors the Greeks, and on several occasion takes an active part in the boxing against the Trojan forces. However, in Book 20 he rescues Aeneas later on the Trojan prince is laid low by Achilles.

In the Odyssey, Poseidon is notable for his hatred of Odysseus who blinded the god's son, the Cyclops Polyphemus. The enmity of Poseidon prevents Odysseus's return domicile to Ithaca for many years. Odysseus is fifty-fifty told, yet his ultimate safe render, that to placate the wrath of Poseidon volition require one more voyage on his part.

In the Aeneid, Neptune is nonetheless resentful of the wandering Trojans, just is not as vindictive as Juno, and in Book I he rescues the Trojan fleet from the goddess's attempts to wreck it, although his primary motivation for doing this is his annoyance at Juno's having intruded into his domain.

A hymn to Poseidon included amidst the Homeric Hymns is a brief invocation, a seven-line introduction that addresses the god as both "mover of the globe and barren body of water, god of the deep who is besides lord of Helicon and broad Aegae,[261] and specifies his twofold nature as an Olympian: "a tamer of horses and a saviour of ships."

In modern culture

Movies and television

Poseidon has been very pop especially in god-related films. John Putch directed the moving picture The Poseidon Take chances. Wolfgang Petersen also film adapted Paul Gallico's novel and directed the flick Poseidon.[262]

Poseidon appears in Percy Jackson and the Olympians every bit the father of Percy Jackson and Tyson the Cyclops. He as well appears in the ABC goggle box series Once Upon a Time as the guest star of the 2d half of flavor four played by Ernie Hudson.[263] In this version, Poseidon is portrayed as the father of the Ocean Witch Ursula.

Military

Many military machine weapons from multiple countries have been named after Poseidon. Such examples are the P8 Poseidon, & the "Poseidon" which is a Russian nuclear-armed unmanned underwater vehicle.[264] [265]

Narrations

Poseidon myths as told past story tellers

Bibliography of reconstruction:

  • Homer, Odyssey, 11.567 (7th century BC)
  • Pindar, Olympian Odes, 1 (476 BC)
  • Euripides, Orestes, 12–16 (408 BC)
  • Bibliotheca Paradigm 2: 1–nine (140 BC)
  • Ovid, Metamorphoses, Half-dozen: 213, 458 (Advertizement 8);
  • Hyginus, Fables, 82: Tantalus; 83: Pelops (1st century AD)
  • Pausanias, Description of Greece, two.22.three (Advertisement 160 – 176)

Bibliography of reconstruction:

  • Pindar, Olympian Ode, I (476 BC)
  • Sophocles, (1) Electra, 504 (430 – 415 BC) & (2) Oenomaus, Fr. 433 (408 BC)
  • Euripides, Orestes, 1024–1062 (408 BC)
  • Bibliotheca Epitome 2, i–nine (140 BC)
  • Diodorus Siculus, Histories, four.73 (1st century BC)
  • Hyginus, Fables, 84: Oinomaus; Poetic Astronomy, ii (1st century AD)
  • Pausanias, Description of Hellenic republic, 5.i.3 – 7; five.13.ane; 6.21.9; viii.14.x – 11 (c. Advertizement 160 – 176)
  • Philostratus the Elder Imagines, I.30: Pelops (AD 170 – 245)
  • Philostratus the Younger, Imagines, 9: Pelops (c. 200 – 245)
  • First Vatican Mythographer, 22: Myrtilus; Atreus et Thyestes
  • Second Vatican Mythographer, 146: Oenomaus

Gallery

Paintings

  • Poseidon holding a trident. Corinthian plaque, 550-525 BC. From Penteskouphia.

  • Poseidon on an Attic kalyx krater (detail), showtime half of the 5th century BC.

  • Poseidon and Amphitrite. Aboriginal Roman fresco (l-79 Advertising), Pompeii, Italy.

Statues

See as well

  • Family tree of the Greek gods
  • Ionian League
  • Panionium – Ionian festival to Poseidon
  • Trident of Poseidon

Notes

  1. ^ Jones, Daniel (2003) [1917], Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), English language Pronouncing Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN978-3-12-539683-8
  2. ^ a b c d eastward f g h i j Burkert 1985, pp. 136–139.
  3. ^ a b Seneca quaest. Nat. VI 6 :Nilsson Vol I p.450
  4. ^ Nilsson Vol I p.450
  5. ^ a b Hesiod, Theogony 456.
  6. ^ a b Plato (1971). Timaeus and Critias . London, England: Penguin Books Ltd. pp. 167. ISBN9780140442618.
  7. ^ a b Timaeus 24e–25a, R. G. Bury translation (Loeb Classical Library).
  8. ^ a b Also it has been interpreted that Plato or someone before him in the chain of the oral or written tradition of the written report accidentally changed the very similar Greek words for "bigger than" ("meson") and "between" ("mezon") – Luce, J.Five. (1969). The End of Atlantis – New Light on an Onetime Legend. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 224.
  9. ^ a b Burkert 1983, pp. 149, 157.
  10. ^ Martin Nilsson (1967). Die Geschichte der Griechische Organized religion. Erster Band. Verlag C. H. Beck. p. 444.
  11. ^ Liddell & Scott, A Greek-English language Lexicon, Ποσειδῶν Archived 9 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  12. ^ Pierre Chantraine Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque Paris 1974–1980 4th s.five.; Lorenzo Rocci Vocabolario Greco-Italiano Milano, Roma, Napoli 1943 (1970) s.5.
  13. ^ R. S. P. Beekes. Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 324 (s.v. "Δημήτηρ")
  14. ^ Δημήτηρ . Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
  15. ^ Adams, John Paul, Mycenean divinities – List of handouts for California State University Classics 315. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  16. ^ Martin Nilsson, p. 417, p. 445. Michael Janda, pp. 256-258.
  17. ^ "The Greeks believed that the crusade of the earthquakes was the erosion of the rocks by the waters" : Seneca quaest. Nat. VI 6 :Nilsson Vol I p.450
  18. ^ Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, p. 324.
  19. ^ Plato, Cratylus, 402d–402e
  20. ^ van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; van der Horst, Pieter Willem (1999), Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (2d ed.), Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdman'due south Publishing Company, ISBN 0-8028-2491-nine
  21. ^ a b Adams, John Paul. "Mycenaean Divinities". Listing of Handouts for Classics 315. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved two September 2006.
  22. ^ Dietrich, pp. 220 Archived 23 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine–221 Archived 24 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  23. ^ Dietrich, p. 109 Archived 23 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  24. ^ Dietrich, p. 181 Archived 23 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  25. ^ Ventris/Chadwick,Documents in Mycenean Greek p. 242; Dietrich, p. 172, n. 218 Archived 24 Apr 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  26. ^ George Mylonas (1966), Mycenae and the Mycenean earth. p.159. Princeton University Printing
  27. ^ a b "Wa-na-ssoi, wa-na-ka-te, (to the two queens and the king). Wanax (Greek : Αναξ) is best suited to Poseidon, the special divinity of Pylos. The identity of the two divinities addressed equally wanassoi, is uncertain ": George Mylonas (1966) Mycenae and the Mycenean age p. 159 .Princeton Academy Printing
  28. ^ Pausanias VIII 23. five; Raymond Bloch "Quelques remarques sur Poseidon, Neptunus et Nethuns" in Comptes-rendus des séances de l' Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Letres 2 1981 p. 345.
  29. ^ L. H. Jeffery (1976). Archaic Hellenic republic: The Greek city states c.800-500 B.C (Ernest Benn Limited) p 23 ISBN 0-510-03271-0
  30. ^ F.Schachermeyer: Poseidon und die Entstehung des Griechischen Gotter glaubens :Nilsson p 444
  31. ^ The river god Acheloos is represented as a bull
  32. ^ Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke 3.1.4 Archived 4 July 2017 at the Wayback Car
  33. ^ Ruck and Staples 1994:213.
  34. ^ Dietrich, p. 167 Archived 23 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ "Poseidon – God of the Body of water". world wide web.crystalinks.com. Archived from the original on 11 Nov 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  36. ^ Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Müller's ed. Papyrus Oxyrrhincus Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum 148, 44, col. 2; quoted by Robin Lane Fob, Alexander the Keen (1973) 1986:168 and note. Alexander also invoked other sea deities: Thetis, mother of his hero Achilles, Nereus and the Nereids
  37. ^ "(Hippocrates), On the Sacred Disease, Francis Adams, tr". Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2007.
  38. ^ Brunwasser, Matthew (20 June 2013). "The Greeks Who Worship Ancient Gods". BBC. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  39. ^ Souli, Sarah (iv Jan 2018). "Hellenic republic's Quondam Gods Are Ready for Your Sacrifice". The Outline . Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  40. ^ Walter Burkert (Peter Bing, tr.) Human Necans 1983, p. 149 gives references for this ascertainment
  41. ^ "Ἑρεχθεύς".
  42. ^ Iliad thirteen.21 Nilsson Vol I p.446
  43. ^ "Iliad ten.751".
  44. ^ "Εὐρυκρείων".
  45. ^ Iliad twenty.404.
  46. ^ "Ἑλικώνιος".
  47. ^ "Vii against Thebes 131".
  48. ^ "εὐρυμέδων".
  49. ^ Diedrich p. 185 n. 305
  50. ^ "Γαιήοχος".
  51. ^ σεισίχθων
  52. ^ "θεμελιούχος".
  53. ^ "ἀσφάλειος".
  54. ^ "Suda, tau, 206".
  55. ^ "δωματίτης".
  56. ^ "Pausanias three.14.7".
  57. ^ Κυανοχαίτης
  58. ^ "Iliad 20.144".
  59. ^ πελάγιος
  60. ^ Nilsson Vol I p.449
  61. ^ "Aἰγαίος".
  62. ^ Strabo, ix. p. 405
  63. ^ Virgil, Aeneid 3. 74, where Servius erroneously derives the name from the Aegean Sea
  64. ^ Schmitz, Leonhard (1867). "Aegaeus". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 1. Boston. p. 24.
  65. ^ ποντομέδων
  66. ^ "κυμοθαλής".
  67. ^ Smith, >Steven D. (2019), Maria Kanellou; Ivana Petrovic; Chris Carey (eds.), "Art, Nature, Power: Garden Epigrams from Nero to Heraclius", Greek Epigram from the Hellenistic to the Early Byzantine Era, Oxford University Press, p. 348, ISBN978-0-192-57379-7
  68. ^ "πόρθμιος".
  69. ^ Public DomainLeonhard Schmitz (1870). "Epactaeus". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.
  70. ^ "Ἀλίδουπος".
  71. ^ "εὐτρίαινα".
  72. ^ a b Nilsson Vol I p.451,452
  73. ^ φύκιος
  74. ^ "Τεμενίτης".
  75. ^ φυτάλμιος
  76. ^ πτόρθιος
  77. ^ "ἲππειος".
  78. ^ Nilsson Vol I p.448
  79. ^ Pausanias 8.37.9-x
  80. ^ "Pausanias eight.10.3".
  81. ^ "Pausanias 1.30.4".
  82. ^ "Δαμαῖος".
  83. ^ "Pausanias 3.14.2".
  84. ^ "Ἱπποκούριος".
  85. ^ "Πετραῖος".
  86. ^ Nilsson Vol I p. 447
  87. ^ "κρηνούχος".
  88. ^ " Oceanus is the primeval water, the origin of all springs and rivers" : Nilsson Vol I p.450
  89. ^ "Apollodorus 3.14.1".
  90. ^ Nilsson Vol I p.450-451
  91. ^ γενέσιος
  92. ^ "Pausanias two.38.4".
  93. ^ γενέθλιος
  94. ^ "φράτριος".
  95. ^ Nilsson Vol I p.452
  96. ^ "ἐπόπτης".
  97. ^ "ἐμπύλιος".
  98. ^ "Κρόνιος".
  99. ^ "σεμνός".
  100. ^ Pausanias iii.21.viii.
  101. ^ a b Nilsson Vol I p.447- 448
  102. ^ contest at Sparta : Γαάοχοι
  103. ^ Hesych. "ὁ ὐπό τῆς γῆς ὁχούμενος " Nilsson Vol I p. 448
  104. ^ ταύρειος
  105. ^ Nilsson Vol I p. 449
  106. ^ In the 2d century AD, a well with the proper name of Arne, the "lamb's well", in the neighbourhood of Mantineia in Arcadia, where old traditions lingered, was shown to Pausanias. (Pausanias, Viii.8.2.)
  107. ^ Tzetzes, advertizement Lycophron 644.
  108. ^ Diodorus, Bibliotheca Historica (Book Five, Ch. 55.
  109. ^ Homer's Iliad (Volume XV, ln. 184-93 Archived 11 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine)
  110. ^ Homer, Odyssey five.380
  111. ^ Burkert 1983, pp. 143–149.
  112. ^ Ogden, Daniel (2021). The Oxford Handbook of Heracles. Oxford University Printing. p. 210. ISBN978-0-19-065098-8.
  113. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 930–933
  114. ^ Smith, southward.v. Tyro
  115. ^ Hard, p. 344
  116. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 169.
  117. ^ Apollodorus, Paradigm.1.22
  118. ^ Pausanias, 8.25.v
  119. ^ Pausanias, viii.25.7
  120. ^ a b Gill, N.S. (2007). "Mates and Children of Poseidon". Archived from the original on 23 December 2006. Retrieved 5 February 2007.
  121. ^ a b Seelig 2002, p. 895–911.
  122. ^ Philip Freeman (2013). Oh My Gods: A Modernistic Retelling of Greek and Roman Myths. p. thirty. ISBN9781451609981.
  123. ^ Great Books of the Western World, Plato'southward Dialogues. Biographical Annotation
  124. ^ Diogenes Laertius Plato 1
  125. ^ Ptolemy Hephaestion, New History, one in Photius, 190
  126. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 930-933
  127. ^ Apollodorus, 3.15.4
  128. ^ Pindar, Olympian Odes seven.xiv
  129. ^ Apollodorus, 2.5.11
  130. ^ Servius, Commentary on Virgil'southward Aeneid 3.420
  131. ^ Hesiod, Ehoiai fr. 40a equally cited in Oxyrhynchus Papyri 1358 fr. 2
  132. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 8.25.7, 8.42.ane.
  133. ^ Apollodorus, 3.half-dozen.8; Pausanias, 8.25.5 & 8.25.7
  134. ^ Herodorus, fr. 62 Fowler (Fowler 2000, p. 253), apud schol. Pindar, Olympian Odes 7.24–v; Fowler 2013, p. 591
  135. ^ Giovanni Boccaccio'due south Famous Women translated past Virginia Brown 2001; Cambridge and London, Harvard Academy Press; ISBN 0-674-01130-9; p. 42
  136. ^ Apollodorus, 2.4.2.
  137. ^ Suida, Suda Encyclopedia s.five. Ergiske
  138. ^ Apollodorus, 3.10.3.
  139. ^ a b Apollodorus, 3.x.one.
  140. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio two.thirty.7
  141. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio ix.22.5
  142. ^ a b Hyginus, Fabulae 157
  143. ^ Scholia on Pindar, Olympian Ode 10.83 quoted in Hesiod, Ehoiai fr. 64
  144. ^ Apollodorus, iii.14.2.
  145. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 188
  146. ^ Tzetzes on Lycophron, 875
  147. ^ besides said to be the girl of Ergeus
  148. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 2.12.4
  149. ^ Apollodorus, three.12.vi.
  150. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 10.6.thirteen
  151. ^ Apollodorus, iii.15.four
  152. ^ Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica 4.72.iii
  153. ^ Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica 5.55
  154. ^ Plutarch, Quaestiones Graecae 19
  155. ^ a b Apollodorus, 2.5.ix.
  156. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica s.v. Aspledon
  157. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica s.v. Astakos, with a reference to Arrian
  158. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio two.2.2
  159. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 175
  160. ^ Scholia on Homer, Iliad 2.517
  161. ^ Scholia on Theocritus, Idylls 7.76
  162. ^ Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica 4.72.ane–5
  163. ^ Probus on Virgil's Georgics 2.197
  164. ^ Homer, Odyssey one.seventy–73
  165. ^ a b Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 7.iv.8
  166. ^ a b c d due east Hyginus, Fabulae 157
  167. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae fourteen
  168. ^ Tzetzes on Lycophron, Alexandra 1206
  169. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 187
  170. ^ Scholia on Homer, Iliad two.499
  171. ^ Apollodorus, 2.1.v, 2.7.4; Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.133-139; Hyginus, Fabulae 14, 169.
  172. ^ Plutarch, Parallela minora 38
  173. ^ Apollodorus, ii.five.xi.
  174. ^ Apollodorus, 3.x.iii.
  175. ^ Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica 4.67.three–four
  176. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 186
  177. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 186
  178. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 9. 29. 1
  179. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio vii.4.one
  180. ^ Apollodorus, ii.7.1.
  181. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 2.5.7
  182. ^ Scholia on Pindar, Olympian Ode 2.147
  183. ^ Tzetzes on Lycophron, Alexandra 232
  184. ^ a b Murray, John (1833). A Classical Manual, existence a Mythological, Historical and Geographical Commentary on Pope's Homer, and Dryden's Aeneid of Virgil with a Copious Index. Albemarle Street, London. p. 78.
  185. ^ Apollodorus, 1.7.4
  186. ^ a b Strabo, Geographica 12.8.eighteen
  187. ^ Tzetzes on Lycophron, Alexandra 838
  188. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica s.5. Byzantion
  189. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 9.36.iv
  190. ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica three.1094
  191. ^ Nonnus, Dionysiaca thirteen.328 ff.
  192. ^ Plato, Critias 113d-144c
  193. ^ a b Tzetzes, Chiliades 2.43
  194. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 14; Pindar, Pythian Ode four.45
  195. ^ John Lempière, Argonautae
  196. ^ Apollodorus, i.4.3.
  197. ^ Scholia on Homer, Odyssey xi.326 = Hesiod, fr. 62 (Loeb edition, 1914)
  198. ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1.230-3b
  199. ^ Scholia on Pindar, Pythian Odes 4.122
  200. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 5.1.8
  201. ^ Conon, Narrations fourteen
  202. ^ Hesiod, Ehoiai fr. seven
  203. ^ Apollodorus, ane.9.3
  204. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica southward.v. Almopia
  205. ^ Pseudo-Eratosthenes, Catasterismi 19; Hyginus, Poeticon astronomicon 2.twenty
  206. ^ Apollodorus, 2.4.5
  207. ^ Homer, Odyssey xi.305–8
  208. ^ Apollodorus, Epitome 1.ii
  209. ^ Tripp, Edward. The Meridian Handbook of Classical Mythology. Meridian, 1970, p. 522.
  210. ^ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates Romanae one.17.iii
  211. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 2.30.5
  212. ^ Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 2.1.iv.
  213. ^ Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 2.1.4.
  214. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio one.44.3
  215. ^ Tzetzes on Lycophron, Alexandra 208
  216. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica s.five. Dyrrhakhion
  217. ^ Apollodorus, 2.7.2
  218. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica s.v. Mytilene
  219. ^ Conon, Narrations 10
  220. ^ Homer, Odyssey 7.56-57
  221. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica s.v. Torōnē
  222. ^ Tzetzes on Lycophron, Alexandra 923
  223. ^ Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica v.53.1
  224. ^ Apollodorus, 4.68.three
  225. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio i.xiv.iii
  226. ^ a b Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 2.5.10.
  227. ^ eponym of Dicaea, a metropolis in Thrace equally cited in Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica due south.v. Dikaia
  228. ^ Conon, Narrations 17
  229. ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica one.216
  230. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio ix.29.five
  231. ^ eponym of a river in Thessaly every bit cited in Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica ane.596
  232. ^ Scholia on Statius, Thebaid ane.34
  233. ^ a b Pseudo-Plutarch, De fluviis 21.1
  234. ^ Apollodorus, ii.88
  235. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica s.five. Kalaureia
  236. ^ Aelian, Varia Historia 1.24
  237. ^ a b Hyginus, Fabulae, 38.
  238. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 2.one.iii
  239. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 817–819
  240. ^ Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1.185, 2.896.
  241. ^ Apollodorus, 2.5.10
  242. ^ Antoninus Liberalis. Metamorphoses, 22 vs Cerambus Archived 2 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  243. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica south.v. Gerēn
  244. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio ten.12.1
  245. ^ Eustathius advertizement Homer, Odyssey p. 1649
  246. ^ Virgil, Aeneid 7.691
  247. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 9.26.5
  248. ^ Pseudo-Plutarch, De fluviis 11.1
  249. ^ Apollodorus, 1.9.21
  250. ^ Suda s.v. Phorbanteion
  251. ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1.179
  252. ^ Apollodorus, 3.1.1
  253. ^ Scholia on Pindar, Olympian Odes 14.v
  254. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 161
  255. ^ This chart is based upon Hesiod'southward Theogony, unless otherwise noted.
  256. ^ According to Homer, Iliad one.570–579, 14.338, Odyssey eight.312, Hephaestus was manifestly the son of Hera and Zeus, see Gantz, p. 74.
  257. ^ According to Hesiod, Theogony 927–929 Archived 5 May 2016 at the Wayback Car, Hephaestus was produced past Hera lonely, with no father, encounter Gantz, p. 74.
  258. ^ Co-ordinate to Hesiod, Theogony 886–890 Archived v May 2016 at the Wayback Auto, of Zeus' children by his seven wives, Athena was the offset to be conceived, but the terminal to be born; Zeus impregnated Metis then swallowed her, afterward Zeus himself gave nativity to Athena "from his head", see Gantz, pp. 51–52, 83–84.
  259. ^ According to Hesiod, Theogony 183–200 Archived v May 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Aphrodite was born from Uranus' severed genitals, run across Gantz, pp. 99–100.
  260. ^ According to Homer, Aphrodite was the daughter of Zeus (Iliad three.374, 20.105 Archived 2 Nov 2018 at the Wayback Car; Odyssey eight.308 Archived ii Nov 2018 at the Wayback Machine, 320) and Dione (Iliad five.370–71), see Gantz, pp. 99–100.
  261. ^ The aboriginal palace-city that was replaced by Vergina
  262. ^ Beyond the Poseidon Hazard, Paul Gallico
  263. ^ Andreeva, Nellie (nineteen December 2014). "Ernie Hudson To Play Poseidon On 'Once Upon a Time'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 24 Dec 2014. Retrieved 24 Dec 2014.
  264. ^ "Boeing: P-8".
  265. ^ "Russian federation is Edifice Iv Special Submarines to Haul Its Weird Doomsday Drone". Forbes.

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External links

  • Media related to Poseidon at Wikimedia Eatables
  • Theoi.com: Poseidon
  • GML Poseidon
  • Gods constitute in Mycenaean Greece; a table drawn upward from Michael Ventris and John Chadwick, Documents in Mycenaean Greek second edition (Cambridge 1973)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poseidon

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